# (c) Alexander Solovyov, 2009, under terms of the new BSD License
'''Fancy option parser

Usage::

  >>> def serve(dirname, **opts):
  ...     """this is a do-nothing command
  ...
  ...        you can do nothing with this command"""
  ...     print opts.get('listen'), opts.get('pid_file')
  >>> opts = [('l', 'listen', 'localhost',
  ...          'ip to listen on'),
  ...         ('p', 'port', 8000,
  ...          'port to listen on'),
  ...         ('d', 'daemonize', False,
  ...          'daemonize process'),
  ...         ('', 'pid-file', '',
  ...          'name of file to write process ID to')]
  >>> from fancyopts import fancyopts
  >>> fancyopts(serve, 'serve [-l HOST] DIR', opts, '--pid-f test dir'.split())
  localhost test

You have supplied directory name here and path to file with process id.
Order of options is preserved.

Each option definition is a tuple consisting of 4 elements:

 - short name
 - long name
 - default value
 - help string

Default value determines option type, which is selected from this choices:

 - function: return value of function called with a specified value is passed
 - integer: value is convert to integer
 - string: value is passed as is
 - list: value is appended to this list
 - boolean/None: `not default` is passed
'''

import getopt, types, textwrap

__all__ = ['fancyopts']

def fancyopts(cmd, usage, options, args):
    if not args:
        cmd_help(cmd, usage, options)
    else:
        opts, args = parse(args, options)
        cmd(*args, **opts)

def cmd_help(cmd, usage, options):
    '''show help for given command

    >>> def test(*args, **opts):
    ...     """that's a test command
    ...
    ...        you can do nothing with this command"""
    ...     pass
    >>> opts = [('l', 'listen', 'localhost',
    ...          'ip to listen on'),
    ...         ('p', 'port', 8000,
    ...          'port to listen on'),
    ...         ('d', 'daemonize', False,
    ...          'daemonize process'),
    ...         ('', 'pid-file', '',
    ...          'name of file to write process ID to')]
    >>> cmd_help(test, 'test [-l HOST] [NAME]', opts)
    test [-l HOST] [NAME]
    <BLANKLINE>
    that's a test command
    <BLANKLINE>
           you can do nothing with this command
    <BLANKLINE>
    options:
    <BLANKLINE>
     -l --listen     ip to listen on (default: localhost)
     -p --port       port to listen on (default: 8000)
     -d --daemonize  daemonize process
        --pid-file   name of file to write process ID to
    <BLANKLINE>
    '''
    print '%s\n' % usage
    doc = cmd.__doc__
    if not doc:
        doc = '(no help text available)'
    print '%s\n' % doc.strip()
    print ''.join(help_options(options))

def help_options(options):
    yield 'options:\n\n'
    output = []
    for short, name, default, desc in options:
        default = default and ' (default: %s)' % default or ''
        output.append(('%2s%s' % (short and '-%s' % short,
                                  name and ' --%s' % name),
                       '%s%s' % (desc, default)))

    opts_len = max([len(first) for first, second in output if second] or [0])
    for first, second in output:
        if second:
            # wrap description at 70 chars
            second = textwrap.wrap(second, width=(70 - opts_len - 3))
            pad = '\n' + ' ' * (opts_len + 3)
            yield ' %-*s  %s\n' % (opts_len, first, pad.join(second))
        else:
            yield '%s\n' % first


def parse(args, options):
    '''
    >>> opts = [('l', 'listen', 'localhost',
    ...          'ip to listen on'),
    ...         ('p', 'port', 8000,
    ...          'port to listen on'),
    ...         ('d', 'daemonize', False,
    ...          'daemonize process'),
    ...         ('', 'pid-file', '',
    ...          'name of file to write process ID to')]
    >>> print parse(['-l', '0.0.0.0', '--pi', 'test', 'all'], opts)
    ({'pid_file': 'test', 'daemonize': False, 'port': 8000, 'listen': '0.0.0.0'}, ['all'])

    '''
    argmap, defmap, state = {}, {}, {}
    shortlist, namelist = '', []

    for short, name, default, comment in options:
        # change name to match Python styling
        pyname = name.replace('-', '_')
        argmap['-' + short] = argmap['--' + name] = pyname
        defmap[pyname] = default

        # copy defaults to state
        if isinstance(default, list):
            state[pyname] = default[:]
        elif hasattr(default, '__call__'):
            state[pyname] = None
        else:
            state[pyname] = default

        # getopt wants indication that it takes a parameter
        if default not in (None, True, False):
            if short: short += ':'
            if name: name += '='
        if short:
            shortlist += short
        if name:
            namelist.append(name)

    opts, args = getopt.gnu_getopt(args, shortlist, namelist)

    # transfer result to state
    for opt, val in opts:
        name = argmap[opt]
        t = type(defmap[name])
        if t is types.FunctionType:
            state[name] = defmap[name](val)
        elif t is types.IntType:
            state[name] = int(val)
        elif t is types.StringType:
            state[name] = val
        elif t is types.ListType:
            state[name].append(val)
        elif t in (types.NoneType, types.BooleanType):
            state[name] = not defmap[name]

    return state, args

if __name__ == '__main__':
    import doctest
    doctest.testmod()